Council-- I have a feeling this has probably come up before, but I thought I'd ask here if there's a quick answer. Some of my students have decided to upconvert a project to TEI and to apply `<s>` and `<w>` to do some grammatical markup. And they're trying to figure out how to deal with quoted phrases: Before they'd started the grammatical adventure, they'd been orienting themselves to the various ways to mark quotation (`<said>`, `<mentioned>`, `<q>`, etc.) and had worked out a good system for working with <q>. Now that they're working inside `<s>` elements, though, they discovered the hard way that they can't nest `<q>` inside `<s>`. Before letting them go and rewrite the rules to make it valid for their project for <q> sit in <s>, I found myself cautioning them that there may be a better way. Here's what I wrote: - You've noticed that the TEI content model for the <s> element is restrictive and does not permit the <q> element inside. True. And that may seem "fubared", except that *none* of the elements used for structuring "simple analytic mechanisms" (neither <s> nor its cousin <cl>, and nor the somewhat more permissive <phr>) allow for <q> inside. That exclusion appears to be deliberate, and I think it is because the <s>, <cl>, <phr>, and <w> are a special set of elements that could *by themselves with attributes* convey the information you're wanting to deliver with <q>. Here's what I'd recommend then: Instead of <q>, find its equivalent in an element native to Simple Analytic Mechanisms: I expect that is <phr> for phrase, and add an @type and/or and @rend to indicate you're signalling quotation marks. Work with Ch. 17 a while and I think you'll see why this seems the wiser course. I'm a little troubled by my own response, though, since `<mentioned>` is permitted both inside and outside `<phr>`, so now I'm wondering why the others aren't: I discover `<q>` isn't permitted inside `<phr>` for example. I'll go digging for the history of this, but if anyone here has perspective, I'd be grateful--I imagine this must come up and probably has a lot on the main TEI list. Thanks, Elisa -- Elisa Beshero-Bondar, PhD Director, Center for the Digital Text Associate Professor of English University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg Humanities Division 150 Finoli Drive Greensburg, PA 15601 USA E-mail: ebb8@pitt.edu about.me/ebbondar